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    Capital Markets, Openlink Endur, Calypso, Murex, Sophis Business Analyst

    PHILIP GREEN

    Capital Markets Senior Business Analyst Project Manager Derivatives, Commodities, Credit Default Swaps, Openlink Endur, ETRM, energy trading risk management, Murex, Calypso, DTCC DerivServ, Advent Geneva, Sophis Risque, TriplePoint, Sol Arc, Allegro, Zainet, Wall Street Systems, Bloomberg POMS, Advent Geneva, Eagle, TradeFlow, Sungard, Latent Zero, Swapswire, Heliograph
    Business Analysis, Requirements Gathering, SDLC, RUP, UML, documentation, eliciting business requirements, business rules, processeds and procedures and developing to business specifications, Mortgage-Backed Securities, Equity, Debt, FX, Swaps, Interest Rate Derivatives, Credit Derivatives, Equity Derivatives, Money Markets, Structured Products, Capital Markets, Fixed Income, Futures, Options. futures, forwards exotic options, specifications, ERCOT, AML, Currency, Foreign Exchange, Portia, Eagle, PACE, Charles River, Compliance, trade blotter, FAS 133, mark-to-market, hedge effectiveness, testing, UAT.
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    PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Fortis Investments Brussels, Belgium January 2008 - current Project Lead/Senior Business Analyst Contractor/Consultant Calypso intergration, Fortis Netherlands, ABN-AMRO. OTC and Listed ETD Derivatives Project - Derivatives platform Implementation of vendor solution, short-listed to Murex and Calypso. Upstream and downstream interface documentation for all Sophis products, Sophis, Swapswires, T-Zero, Decalog and FIBIS (Structured products (primarily Equity options) Fortis Investments Brussels, Belgium January 2008 - current Project Lead/Senior Business Analyst Contractor/Consultant Calypso intergration, Fortis Netherlands, ABN-AMRO. OTC and Listed ETD Derivatives Project - Derivatives platform Implementation of vendor solution, short-listed to Murex and Calypso. Upstream and downstream interface documentation for all Sophis products, Sophis, Swapswires, T-Zero, Decalog and FIBIS (Structured products (primarily Equity options) Openlink Endur Senior Business Analyst Zurich, Switzerland (Derivatives Trading Desk) Energy trading risk management Openlink Endur Energy Trading Risk Management (ETRM) Futures Options Swaps Commodity Derivatives Carbon CO2 Emissions trading EUA-CER Financia Green's Certificates EUA-CER Physical deals Metals Structured transactions Trade capture and risk management system (Openlink Endur) as the system of record for Natural Gas financial and physical trading. The physical gas trading consisted of transport and storage deals. gMotion utilized for maintaining Natural Gas deals. Created custom "end of day" calculations in the simulation framework, and modified canned calculations in Endur for M-T-M, Cash Month, P&L granularity required by trading and risk control analysts. Created custom instrument types in Endur in the user-defined interface which allows for separation of similar deal types. This allowed for an ENGY-SWAP to be traded execution venue agnostic, OTC or through ICE. Experience with Forecasting, Scheduling, Nominations, Bookouts, Actualization, Volumetric Exposure, EaR, vaR. Understanding of the Physical Operations of Oil companies products, and inventory tracking.

    Very analytical and creative in solving data problems (i.e., data mappings techniques, standardizations, cross referencing approaches, etc.). Very strong interpersonal skills and ability to interact and with business users. Analyze trade processing revaluation and post cash flow to Fortis position-keeping systems for Inflation Swaps, Volume Swaps, Loans CDX, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, Swaptions, Cross-Currency Swaps and gather historical market data for end-of-day positions, vaR calculations and out of the box Calypso reporting (delta buckets, Vega buckets. Connecting Calypso to all Fortis upstream and downstream systems, designing, implementing interfaces from a business analysis requirements perspective, to include ThinkFolio for swaps (CDS, IRS, CCS and Total Return Swaps, Minerva (Latent Zero) for bonds, equities and FX.

    Define risk management: mainly Market Risk functionality for initial phase, then Credit Risk as currently company wide credit risk done in a separate database aggregating various systems output. Define workflow for all products for daily trading in Calypso and Decalog (Portfolio Management System), ThinkFolio (OMS) and DTCC (matching). Integrate Calypso and Murex to T-Zero and SwapsWire to be used for trade pre-matching. Define specifications for Calypso/Murex slice of Fortis production database for demo and "proof of concept" at the operational view. Ensure that work with counterparty and novational fail process remains intact with integration with Calypso and Murex and that the original trade remains, that new deals, and unwinds have operational transparency. Approach: Detailed gap analysis undertaken to determine where Calypso and Murex vendor "implementation templates" failed to meet the growing needs of Fortis Investments for TRS, IRS, CDS, and CCX front, middle and back office specific. Authored detailed business requirements for Sophis equities, Sophis credit derivatives, Sophis Risque, Base Metals, Sophis for equity derivatives, commodities module of Sophis for futures and options deals and Structured Products.

    Write Detailed Business requirements documents (BRD) and assessment of current OTC derivatives instruction trade management processes for front, middle and back office, reference data, data attributes and security master database. Asset classes covered include exchanged-traded and OTC Interest Rate Derivatives, OPUS derivatives pricing, Equity Swaps, Interest Rate Derivatives, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, Foreign Exchange Swaps, Equity options, Swaptions, Foreign Exchange Options and Equity/Index Derivatives and Structured Credit Derivatives. Authored "road-map" and assessment and integration requirements with Swapswire, DTCC, DerivServ and Bloomberg pricing data. Implementation project plans and business requirements, configuration and trade blotter for Calypso, Murex, Sophis Risque, Sophis Value for Risk utilizing SQL for Toolkit. Workflow documentation for downstream systems Decalog, Heliograph, Corona, ThinkFolio, T-Zero and Bloomberg. Developed and maintained testing scenarios and scripts. Recommend strategic initiatives and analyze OTC derivatives protocols and practices around DTCC, and Advent Geneva Global Portfolio Accounting System's RSL reports and instrument coverage including cliquets, CFD's and first to default for Fortis Bank, SWIFT, Swapswire, FpML, DerivServ, and ISDA.

    Shell Trading Houston, TX Senior Business Analyst Contractor /Consultant Openlink Endur v. 8.x Apr 2007 - Jan 2008 Business requirements and assessment of current Openlink Endur v.5 to implementation of Endur v.8 and integration with AcuRisk, Nucleus, Triple Point, Advanced Analytics, performance evaluation for remote locations, Cash Month Position Management, tactical tradebook, SENA, TPORT, Endur center of excellence workflow requirements, Commodities: Crude oil, Natural Gas, LNG, heating oil, Naptha, Distillates, Natural gas liquids. Includes ethane, propane, butane and condensate. Cash Month PnL Reporting, assessment of Openlink replacing DealView, meet with OLF developers for review sessions, integrate Nucleus into Endur and write extraction requirements; review dBase logic and Endur GUI. gMotion, Deal management, Deal Entry, Deal Capture and Deal modeling and transaction history, power, gas, scheduling, front office and mid-back operations experience. Daily Volume cuts and Price Changes, position monitoring, scheduling, tactical tradebook. Write short charter for financial reconciliations and build roadmap for Openlink Endur 8.x implementation, testing and extraction of Nucleus archived and real-time data. Supported a highly diverse portfolio of applications including: electric wholesale and retail trading, scheduling, risk management, settlement and accounting. Documented business and technical requirements, along with developing design specifications, test plans, and use cases for business requirements. Experience supporting Openlink's Endur application (version 8.0) Working knowledge of Openlink Endur base simulations (e.g., P&L), and the ability to create and debug user defined simulations. Ability to create and modify deal entry templates and deal skins. Ability to create and modify Endur reports using SQL, Business Objects and Crystal. Supported Endur ICE, Power Market Gateway and pMotion power scheduling interfaces. Experience supporting Endur in an electricity and power generation market environment. I have strong SQL and relational database skills, using SQL Server 2005 or Oracle 10. Great interpersonal skills and the ability to deal with all levels of business users and management. Very good Analytical skills, which have been demonstrated in a business environment. Knowledge of electricity markets and operations and ISO, PMJ, FERC.

    Bank of New York One Wall Street, New York City, NY Jan 2006 - Apr 2007 Project Lead/Senior Business Analyst Contractor OTC Derivatives project Business requirements and assessment of current OTC derivatives instruction trade management processes, reference data, data attributes and security master database. Asset classes covered include Interest Rate Derivatives, OPUS derivatives pricing, Equity Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, Foreign Exchange Swaps, and Equity options, Swaptions, Foreign Exchange Options and Equity/Index Derivatives. Recommend strategic initiatives and analyze OTC derivatives protocols and practices around DTCC, SWIFT, Swapswire, Wall Street Systems for treasury and asset management documentation; FpML, Advent Geneva Global Portfolio Accounting System, DerivServ, and ISDA.

    Wachovia Bank/Evergreen Investments Charlotte, NC Jun 2005 - Jan 2006 Senior Business Analyst -- Contractor Long/Short Hedge Fund Derivatives Senior Business Analyst Wrote business requirements and interviewed portfolio managers and traders to implement a new International Small Cap Long/Short Hedge Fund. The hedge fund seeks to take long positions in undervalued and under-followed international equities. BA responsibility is to map and test data requirements for futures, options and other derivative instruments into existing trade order management system and back-office accounting. Documented pricing methodologies for the funds unitization including fixed unit allocation, fluctuating unit allocation, cost distribution and daily balance method with back-office accounting for NAV, Pnl and reporting. Created cash flow models for Credit Default Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Currency Forwards, Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swaps, Equity options, Structured products, Currency Futures, Options, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), and indexes on commodity futures, i.e., the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI) and the Dow Jones Commodity Index (DJ-AIGCI) and non-dollar Bond transactions on SimCorp Dimension's investment management software; diagram swap accruals, payment cash flows, and settlement scenarios to show gains and losses of hedge. Documented how the following applications will be used in the hedge fund initiative: Fact Set, Derivative Solutions, Thomson PORTIA, Macgregor Fixed Income Order Management and DTCC (Depository Trust Clearing Corporation).

    JP Morgan Chase Columbus, OH Dec 2004 - Jun 2005 Senior Business Analyst -- Contractor Latent Zero Implementation Project Manager/Senior Business Analyst Tasked with documentation deliverables for the Latent Zero asset management front office trade order management system. Integration documentation for JP Morgan and Salerio stock trading algorithm tools for both asset and funding desk. Created test cases, test plans for Charles River compliance rules for the algorithm tools. Documenting all asset classes and instruments that portfolio managers and trade desks will be trading. Reconciliation from trade order management system to portfolio accounting system Advent Geneva. Implementing interfacing to DSTi's HiPortfolio and Check Free Trade Flow to clients, SWIFT and Accounting systems Latent Zero Capstone suite consisted of Sentinel, Minerva and Tesseract. This application was complemented by Yield Book, CMS Bond Edge and Salerio and CheckFree Trade Flow. Documented trade order lifecycle for all instruments: equities, equity options, structured products, equity derivatives, Fixed Income, treasury bonds, Auction Rate securities including corporate and municipal bond debt instruments, Variable rate Demand and Preferred, Dutch Auction Securities, OTC derivatives, energy derivatives, Structured products, Money Market instruments, FX, mortgage-backed securities, Asset-backed securities, alternatives investments, Collateralized Debt Obligations and the agencies (e.g., FNMA, GNMA, and FHLMC).

    BP (British Petroleum) Naperville, IL Apr 2004 - Dec 2004 Senior Business Analyst (Contractor) APR Project (Automated Positions Reporting) Requirements gathering with trade control analysts and traders to consolidate data repository for reporting BPs crude oil and products Futures & Options, hedges, swaps and Volumetric Exposure on the New York Mercantile Exchange up to regulatory bodies (NYMEX trade regulators and FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) regulators. Reconciling positions in IST Trade Control for APR (Automated Positions Reporting) for market and supply crude (WTI, Brent, others), heating oil (HO) and unleaded gasoline (UNL). Data, futures, options positions, EFP and Swap deals data from MOFT, US Crude Supply Exposure Model and US Product Supply exposure Model, Cantera, Camera (Houston), aggregate exposure Excel sheets from Calgary and Crude Excel sheets from La Palma. Business Objects, MOBO, MOFT (Middle Office Fast Track - position and pricing aggregator for Wet Deals), GlobalView external price feeds vendor for NYMEX, Platt's and OPIS.,Clearvision, Openlink Endur v5, v8, Allegro, Entegrate, Wall Street Systems (primarily responsible for specifications in Treasury for Credit Default Swaps booked outside of the APR project for hedge compliance) Triple Point (for deal valuation and calculation of OTC options); and PAWS (Petroleum Analysis Work Station used by the traders for M-T-M accounts, and SAP 4.6 (for operational and accounting system), and Zai*Net power trade capture system. Responsible for business user review sessions, requirements gathering, UAT test scripts, gap analysis, data consolidation, benchmarks, metrics and attributes for Automated Positions Reporting. Responsible for writing specifications to build data store, data assumptions, Dimensions, data fields specific to entity (hedge group), deal information fields (Market vs. Supply, Deal type: Wet, Paper, EFP, Swap); future specific and Option specific data(NYMEX open interest, IPE, OTC, option delta), and EFP specific, Swap, Market, Supply Crude (crude grade, WTI, Brent, Dubai, EOR, WOR crude categories) and product specific requirements.

    Fifth Third Bank Cincinnati, Ohio Dec 2002 - Apr 2004 Project Manager/Senior Business Analyst -- Capital Markets Requirements gathering and project lead on initiatives to implement Straight-through processing (STP) for the Asset and Funding Trading Desks integrating Bloomberg Gateway and Bloomberg Portfolio Order Management System for data mapping trade tickets on securities and derivatives on the asset and funding desk to SunGard Middle Office Manager and SunGard InTrader and Wall Street Systems applications. Charles River (CRD) gap analysis review sessions for order management selection. Charles River compliance module for Money Market fund and Rule 2a-7, eligible securities, ratings and alerts, warnings and exceptions documentation. Managed project from initiation to close. SME for bank-traded Fixed Income products including Mortgage-backed securities, Asset-backed Securities, Equity options, Interest-rate and Credit swaps, structured products, TBAs, new issues, CMOs, agencies (FNMA, GNMA and FHLMC), Foreign Exchange and Interest-rate Swaps. Effectively use PMO (Project Management Office) methodology to initiate, design, build, test, implement and close on capital budget expenditure projects, successfully and on time, while analyzing risk and issue impact on the project. Straight-through processing project on Asset and Funding Desks. Requirements gathering. Lead review sessions. Instruments: Equities, fixed income, mortgage-backed securities (MBS), asset-backed securities (ABS), CMOs, CDO and the agencies FNMA, GNMA and Freddie Mac. Reference data workflows, FAS 133 for Hedge effectiveness testing, securitization and structured products and Derivatives Solution. Credit derivatives, commodities, futures, options, FX. Primarily responsible for the configuration design of solutions on the Wall Street Systems Suite application solution for straight-through-processing platform for FX, Money Markets, Emerging Markets and the upstream and downstream interfaces. Engagement manager heavily interfacing with the functional design and run teams as well as with the Wall Street System vendor to provide application configuration solutions which fulfill the front - to back office trade processing and settlement. Delivered BRD and FRD specifications tailored to business requirements for Wall Street Systems business functions and processes as well as testing and performing "proof of concepts" on WSS application functionality and capability across instrument types and sectors. Delivered "road map" and future state project initiation plans for the configuration of the application platform as well as design of any new configuration to fulfill the business requirements. Detailed requirements for Wall Street Systems treasury functions and front/middle/back office standards for trade capture, pricing, valuation, risk, trade confirmation and settlement. Functional Wall Street Systems documentation for asset classes IR and IR Derivatives (including bonds, Credit derivatives, Interest Rate derivatives) and FX and Commodities. Mapped data and conceptual business requirements into business rules configurable and to be captured within the designated Wall Street Systems parameters/procedures, particularly for the front office Reuters data feeds. Sungard InTrader, Wall Street Systems, Advent Geneva, Bloomberg TOMS, Bloomberg POMS, Reuters interface to WSS for data mapping; QRM (Quantitative Risk Management), Charles River Trader, Charles River Manager, Charles River compliance. RFP author for Charles River OMS evaluation.

    Fuji Bank of Japan, Chicago, IL FX Trading Desk Sr Business Analyst Jan 1999 - Jan 2002 Developed applications to track risk exposure, trading positions, algorithmic models designed to capture best execution; and Monte Carlo simulations, arbitrage, and spreads and due diligence for traders on the Foreign Exchange trading desk. Utilized Excel spreadsheets and real-time trading floor applications such as Devon, Sun-Gard, DTN, Bloomberg and Reuters to manage risk exposure for the foreign currency trading room. Client/server transactional platforms utilized. Responsible for analysis of derivatives, futures & options, foreign exchange and securities risk management. Communicated with trading partners through e-mail and spreadsheet reports for trade reconciliation. Remitted S.W.I.F.T. data for trade balancing. Developed reports and Excel queries of Fixed Income securities trading and processing with emphasis on US Government securities (both outright and Repo) for bank management. Responsible for P&L reporting, confirmation with trading partners, and end-of-day reporting of positions. Performed analysis on historical trade position data, trading trends and tendencies and opposing trade positions for fraud detection and trading limit violations. Reconcile F/X, wholesale, spot, ask and bid, cash and Euro positions. Clarified the responsibilities of both dealers and brokers regarding collateral substitutions in Repo transactions and promoted best practices in the Repo markets for the bank.

    Chicago Mercantile Exchange Chicago, IL Apr 1994 - Jan 1999 Senior Business Analyst, Exchange-traded Derivatives, EuroDollar, S&P, IMM and Agriculture Futures and Options pits Trading Floor Project Manager Successfully led and managed included extensive report creation of out-trades, trading and security violations. Responsible for investigative reporting, trading floor access and security, creation of passwords and security profiles. Analyst responsible for client/server and transactional processing. Led team of enforcement and risk personnel. Created applications to link databases and trading floor applications through Reuters, Devon, Dow- Jones Telerate, GMI, DTCC, NSCC and GSCC for real-time trade matching, Bloomberg and SunGard for real-time views of ETD's, commodities, futures & options, precious metals, Eurodollar, Interest rate, S&P 500 Index and Commodity Index futures and options; Treasury Bonds futures, Treasury Bill futures, Grains and Agricultural commodities, foreign exchange and derivatives for trading floor enforcement and operations. BRD specs for Globes 24-hour Asian and European markets. Developed applications to track risk exposure, trading positions, arbitrage, and spreads and due diligence for traders on the Foreign Exchange trading desk.

    EDUCATION and CERTIFICATES B.A., Communications Studies (Incl) University of Detroit-Mercy, Detroit, MI Computer Science Certificate Program, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL De Paul University College of Commerce -- Certificate, Financial Markets & Trading, Futures and Options Program, 1995 Series 3, (Commodities Brokers Futures Exam) National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), 1995 Six Sigma Green Belt, 2005 Charles River Development, Charles River Investment Management System compliance certification, Burlington, MA 2005 Project Management Institute (PMI), Dayton, OH chapter, 2005 -

    EDUCATION AND AWARDS De Paul University, Chicago, IL, 1993 - 1995 Certificate in Financial Markets and Trading in Finance - College of Commerce, 4.0 Grade Point Average - EDUCATION De Paul University, Chicago, IL, 1993 - 1995 Certificate in Financial Markets and Trading in Finance - College of Commerce, 4.0 Grade Point Average - Energy Trading Risk Management Business Analysis Senior Business Analyst Capital Markets, Derivatives and Commodities and Energy Openlink Endur and Energy Trading Risk Management Project Manager Derivatives, Commodities, Credit Default Swaps, Openlink Endur, Murex, Calypso, Advent Geneva, Sophis Risque, Triple Point, Sungard, Latent Zero, Swapswire, Heliograph, Sophis value, Capital Markets, Fixed Income, Futures, Options. Business Analysis, Requirements Gathering, Money Markets, Mortgage-Backed Securities, Equity, Debt, FX, Swaps, Interest Rate Derivatives, Securities Master, Data and Pricing product control, Credit Derivatives, Wall Street Systems, Sungard, Triple Point, Allegro, Energy Trading Risk Management, documentation, FERC, SAP, specifications, ERCOT, AML, Currency, Foreign Exchange, Portia, Eagle, PACE, Charles River, Compliance, trade blotter, FAS 133, mark-to-market, hedge effectiveness, testing, UAT. Deliverables, methodology, functional requirements, business processes, business analyst, lifecycle, repository, user acceptance testing, project planning, project scope, project team, reengineering, business needs, project life cycle, requirements gathering, workplans, business process reengineering, best practices - Openlink Endur, Commodities, Energy Derivatives Senior Business Analyst and Project Manager - Derivatives, Securities, Fixed Income, Hedge Funds, Risk management, Capital Markets, Energy trading, FX, Futures, Options, Commodities, Debt, Equity and Structured Products Portfolio and Investment Management trading and order management systems, OpenLink Endur, gMotion, Allegro, Zai*Net, Triple Point, energy trading risk management systems Senior Business Analyst. Sophis, Murex, Calypso, Charles River, Wall Street Systems, Trema, SAP accounting, SunGard, Latent Zero and Advent Geneva. Commodities, Futures, options, CDO, CDS, CMO, CCS, MBS, Base Metals, Precious Metals, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Derivatives, Credit Default Swaps, vaR, Swaps, Bonds, Equity Swaps, Capital Markets, Fixed Income, Structured Products, FX and Treasury. Derivatives Trading Desk (Openlink Endur Senior Business Analyst) - Zurich, Switzerland and London, UK January 2008 -- current d/b/a Derivatives Trading Desk, LLC Project Lead/Senior Business Analyst Contractor/Consultant -- ETRM and Openlink Endur Senior Business Analyst Carbon Credits, Emissions, CO2, EUA-CER green certificates, precious metals (silver, gold, palladium, platinum), gas physical deals, gas Swaps, long-term power deals, day-ahead gas deals in Openlink Endur trading manager module and settlements desktop for invoicing and settlement of energy transactions; working with Commodities ops team for booking forwards, futures, swaps, power term forwards, energy options, calendar strips, cascading futures in Openlink Endur. Requirements specifications of all aspects from market data, account master and product and pricing configuration, online reconciliation reports, EOD processing scripts, trade modeling, deal modeling, risk process, settlement's desktop, accounting manager, and trader desktop. Using Endur Instrument types COMM-SWAPS, COMM-PHYS, COMM-EXCH. Business Analyst Responsible for Openlink Endur functional specifications for: • New functionality analysis for Reconciliations, Reference, Ops Manager in Endur v8 • Trader desktop implementation for Endur deal templates in Trade Blotter • Endur settlements Desktop for invoicing and generating cash and physical payments. Prcing indexes and volatility, risk, forward curves and simulations. • Endur Accounting Manager module analysis for Nostro accounts • New functionality analysis for gMotion and pMotion enhancements to Endur • Metals migration and new Instruments (Carbon Credits, emissions, “green” certificates for CO2) • Openlink Endur accounting, PnL, deviations, accruals, realized and unrealized gains, standard costs, fees, VAT, nostro and vostro accounting • Power and Gas confirmations downstream to SAP from Endur • Endur autosys for EOD Metals booked automatically • Swaps, plain vanilla, Strips, Spread options, Swaptions, extendible swaps, Swing options for volumes on options, Barrier knock-in and knock-out options, interruptible power embedded swing options, and basis swing options cross-region. Fortis Investments Brussels, Belgium January 2008 - current Project Lead/Senior Business Analyst Contractor/Consultant OTC Derivatives Project - Derivatives platform Implementation of vendor solution, short-listed to Murex and Calypso Write Detailed Business requirements documents (BRD) and assessment of current OTC derivatives instruction trade management processes for front, middle and back office, reference data, data attributes and security master database. Asset classes covered include Interest Rate Derivatives, OPUS derivatives pricing, Equity Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, Foreign Exchange Swaps, Equity options, Swaptions, Foreign Exchange Options and Equity/Index Derivatives and Structured Credit Derivatives. Authored "road-map" and assessment and integration requirements with Swapswire, DTCC, DerivServ and Bloomberg pricing data. Implementation project plans and business requirements, configuration and trade blotter for Calypso, Murex, Sophis Risque, Sophis Value. Workflow documentation for downstream systems Decalog, Heliograph, Corona, ThinkFolio, T-Zero and Bloomberg. Developed and maintained testing scenarios and scripts. Recommend strategic initiatives and analyze OTC derivatives protocols and practices around DTCC, and Advent Geneva Global Portfolio Accounting System's RSL reports and instrument coverage including cliquets, CFD's and first to default for Fortis Bank, SWIFT, Swapswire, FpML, DerivServ, and ISDA. Shell Trading Houston, TX Senior Business Analyst Contractor /Consultant Openlink Endur v. 8.x Apr 2007 - Jan 2008 Business requirements and assessment of current Openlink Endur v.5 to implementation of Endur v.8 and integration with AcuRisk, Nucleus, Triple Point, Advanced Analytics, performance evaluation for remote locations, Cash Month Position Management, tactical tradebook, SENA, TPORT, Endur center of excellence workflow requirements, Commodities: Crude oil, Natural Gas, LNG, heating oil, Naptha, Distillates, Natural gas liquids. Includes ethane, propane, butane and condensate. Cash Month PnL Reporting, assessment of Openlink replacing DealView, meet with OLF developers for review sessions, integrate Nucleus into Endur and write extraction requirements; review dBase logic and Endur GUI. gMotion, Deal management, Deal Entry, Deal Capture and Deal modeling and transaction history, power, gas, scheduling, front office and mid-back operations experience. Daily Volume cuts and Price Changes, position monitoring, scheduling, tactical tradebook. Write short charter for financial reconciliations and build roadmap for Openlink Endur 8.x implementation, testing and extraction of Nucleus archived and real-time data. Supported a highly diverse portfolio of applications including: electric wholesale and retail trading, scheduling, risk management, settlement and accounting. Documented business and technical requirements, along with developing design specifications, test plans, and use cases for business requirements. Experience supporting Openlink's Endur application (version 8.0) Working knowledge of Openlink Endur base simulations (e.g., P&L), and the ability to create and debug user defined simulations. Ability to create and modify deal entry templates and deal skins. Ability to create and modify Endur reports using SQL, Business Objects and Crystal. Supported Endur ICE, Power Market Gateway and pMotion power scheduling interfaces. Experience supporting Endur in an electricity and power generation market environment. Strong SQL and relational database skills, using SQL Server 2005 or Oracle 10. Great interpersonal skills and the ability to deal with all levels of business users and management. Very good Analytical skills, which have been demonstrated in a business environment. Extensive knowledge of electricity markets and operations and ISO, PMJ, FERC. Bank of New York One Wall Street, New York City, NY Jan 2006 - Apr 2007 Project Lead/Senior Business Analyst Contractor OTC Derivatives project Business requirements and assessment of current OTC derivatives instruction trade management processes, reference data, data attributes and security master database. Asset classes covered include Interest Rate Derivatives, OPUS derivatives pricing, Equity Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, Foreign Exchange Swaps, and Equity options, Swaptions, Foreign Exchange Options and Equity/Index Derivatives. Recommend strategic initiatives and analyze OTC derivatives protocols and practices around DTCC, SWIFT, Swapswire, FpML, Advent Geneva Global Portfolio Accounting System, DerivServ, and ISDA. Wachovia Bank/Evergreen Investments Charlotte, NC Jun 2005 - Jan 2006 Senior Business Analyst -- Contractor Long/Short Hedge Fund Derivatives Senior Business Analyst Wrote business requirements and interviewed portfolio managers and traders to implement a new International Small Cap Long/Short Hedge Fund. The hedge fund seeks to take long positions in undervalued and under-followed international equities. BA responsibility is to map and test data requirements for futures, options and other derivative instruments into existing trade order management system and back-office accounting. Created cash flow models for Credit Default Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Currency Forwards, Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swaps, Equity options, Structured products, Currency Futures, Options, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), and indexes on commodity futures, i.e., the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI) and the Dow Jones Commodity Index (DJ-AIGCI); diagram swap accruals, payment cash flows, and settlement scenarios to show gains and losses of hedge. Documented how the following applications will be used in the hedge fund initiative: Fact Set, Derivative Solutions, Thomson PORTIA, Macgregor Fixed Income Order Management and DTCC (Depository Trust Clearing Corporation). JPMorgan Chase Columbus, OH Dec 2004 - Jun 2005 Senior Business Analyst -- Contractor Latent Zero Implementation Project Manager/Senior Business Analyst Tasked with documentation deliverables for the Latent Zero asset management front office trade order management system. Integration documentation for JP Morgan and Salerio stock trading algorithm tools for both asset and funding desk. Created test cases, test plans for Charles River compliance rules for the algorithm tools. Documenting all asset classes and instruments that portfolio managers and trade desks will be trading. Reconciliation from trade order management system to portfolio accounting system Advent Geneva. Implementing interfacing Check Free Trade Flow to clients, SWIFT and Accounting systems Latent Zero Capstone suite consisted of Sentinel, Minerva and Tesseract. This application was complemented by Yield Book, CMS Bond Edge and Salerio and CheckFree Trade Flow. Documented trade order lifecycle for all instruments: equities, equity options, structured products, equity derivatives, Fixed Income, treasury bonds, Auction Rate securities including corporate and municipal bond debt instruments, Variable rate Demand and Preferred, Dutch Auction Securities, OTC derivatives, energy derivatives, Structured products, Money Market instruments, FX, mortgage-backed securities, Asset-backed securities, alternatives investments, Collateralized Debt Obligations and the agencies (e.g., FNMA, GNMA, and FHLMC). BP (British Petroleum) Naperville, IL Apr 2004 - Dec 2004 Senior Business Analyst (Contractor) APR Project (Automated Positions Reporting) Requirements gathering with trade control analysts and traders to consolidate data repository for reporting BPs crude oil and products Futures & Options, hedges, swaps and Volumetric Exposure on the New York Mercantile Exchange up to regulatory bodies (NYMEX trade regulators and FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) regulators. Reconciling positions in IST Trade Control for APR (Automated Positions Reporting) for market and supply crude (WTI, Brent, others), heating oil (HO) and unleaded gasoline (UNL). Data, futures, options positions, EFP and Swap deals data from MOFT, US Crude Supply Exposure Model and US Product Supply exposure Model, Cantera, Camera (Houston), aggregate exposure Excel sheets from Calgary and Crude Excel sheets from La Palma. Business Objects, MOBO, MOFT (Middle Office Fast Track - position and pricing aggregator for Wet Deals), GlobalView external price feeds vendor for NYMEX, Platt's and OPIS.,Clearvision, Openlink Endur v5, v8, Allegro, Entegrate, Triple Point (for deal valuation and calculation of OTC options); and PAWS (Petroleum Analysis Work Station used by the traders for M-T-M accounts, and SAP 4.6 (for operational and accounting system), and Zai*Net power trade capture system. Responsible for business user review sessions, requirements gathering, UAT test scripts, gap analysis, data consolidation, benchmarks, metrics and attributes for Automated Positions Reporting. Responsible for writing specifications to build data store, data assumptions, Dimensions, data fields specific to entity (hedge group), deal information fields (Market vs. Supply, Deal type: Wet, Paper, EFP, Swap); future specific and Option specific data(NYMEX open interest, IPE, OTC, option delta), and EFP specific, Swap, Market, Supply Crude (crude grade, WTI, Brent, Dubai, EOR, WOR crude categories) and product specific requirements. Fifth Third Bank Cincinnati, Ohio Dec 2002 - Apr 2004 Project Manager/Senior Business Analyst -- Capital Markets Requirements gathering and project lead on initiatives to implement Straight-through processing (STP) for the Asset and Funding Trading Desks integrating Bloomberg Gateway and Bloomberg Portfolio Order Management System for trade tickets on securities and derivatives on the asset and funding desk to SunGard Middle Office Manager and SunGard InTrader applications. Charles River (CRD) gap analysis review sessions for order management selection. Charles River compliance module for Money Market fund and Rule 2a-7, eligible securities, ratings and alerts, warnings and exceptions documentation. Managed project from initiation to close. SME for bank-traded Fixed Income products including Mortgage-backed securities, Asset-backed Securities, Equity options, Interest-rate and Credit swaps, structured products, TBAs, new issues, CMOs, agencies (FNMA, GNMA and FHLMC), Foreign Exchange and Interest-rate Swaps. Effectively use PMO (Project Management Office) methodology to initiate, design, build, test, implement and close on capital budget expenditure projects, successfully and on time, while analyzing risk and issue impact on the project. Straight-through processing project on Asset and Funding Desks. Requirements gathering. Lead review sessions. Instruments: Equities, fixed income, mortgage-backed securities (MBS), asset-backed securities (ABS), CMOs, CDO and the agencies FNMA, GNMA and Freddie Mac. Reference data workflows, FAS 133 for Hedge effectiveness testing, securitization and structured products and Derivatives Solution. Cedit derivatives, commodities, futures, options, FX. Sungard InTrader, Wall Street Systems, Bloomberg TOMS, Bloomberg POMS, Reuters, QRM (Quantitative Risk Management), Charles River Trader, Charles River Manager, Charles River compliance. RFP author for Charles River OMS evaluation. Fuji Bank of Japan, Chicago, IL FX Trading Desk Sr Business Analyst Jan 1999 - Jan 2002 Developed applications to track risk exposure, trading positions, algorithmic models designed to capture best execution; and Monte Carlo simulations, arbitrage, and spreads and due diligence for traders on the Foreign Exchange trading desk. Utilized Excel spreadsheets and real-time trading floor applications such as Devon, Sun-Gard, DTN, Bloomberg and Reuters to manage risk exposure for the foreign currency trading room. Client/server transactional platforms utilized. Responsible for analysis of derivatives, futures & options, foreign exchange and securities risk management. Communicated with trading partners through e-mail and spreadsheet reports for trade reconciliation. Remitted S.W.I.F.T. data for trade balancing. Developed reports and Excel queries of Fixed Income securities trading and processing with emphasis on US Government securities (both outright and Repo) for bank management. Responsible for P&L reporting, confirmation with trading partners, and end-of-day reporting of positions. Performed analysis on historical trade position data, trading trends and tendencies and opposing trade positions for fraud detection and trading limit violations. Reconcile F/X, wholesale, spot, ask and bid, cash and Euro positions. Clarified the responsibilities of both dealers and brokers regarding collateral substitutions in Repo transactions and promoted best practices in the Repo markets for the bank. Chicago Mercantile Exchange Chicago, IL Apr 1994 - Jan 1999 Senior Business Analyst, EuroDollar, S&P, IMM and Agriculture Futures and Options pits Trading Floor Project Manager Successfully led and managed included extensive report creation of out-trades, trading and security violations. Responsible for investigative reporting, trading floor access and security, creation of passwords and security profiles. Analyst responsible for client/server and transactional processing. Led team of enforcement and risk personnel. Created applications to link databases and trading floor applications through Reuters, Devon, Dow- Jones Telerate, Bloomberg and Sun-Gard for real-time views of commodities, futures & options, precious metals, Eurodollar, Interest rate, S&P 500 Index and Commodity Index futures and options; Treasury Bonds futures, Treasury Bill futures, Grains and Agricultural commodities, foreign exchange and derivatives for trading floor enforcement and operations. Developed applications to track risk exposure, trading positions, arbitrage, and spreads and due diligence for traders on the Foreign Exchange trading desk. EDUCATION and CERTIFICATES B.A., Communications Studies (Incl) University of Detroit-Mercy, Detroit, MI Computer Science Certificate Program, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL De Paul University College of Commerce -- Certificate, Financial Markets & Trading, Futures and Options Program, 1995 Series 3, (Commodities Brokers Futures Exam) National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), 1995 Six Sigma Green Belt, 2005 Charles River Development, Charles River Investment Management System compliance certification, Burlington, MA 2005 Project Management Institute (PMI), Dayton, OH chapter, 2005 - EDUCATION AND AWARDS De Paul University, Chicago, IL, 1993 - 1995 Certificate in Financial Markets and Trading in Finance - College of Commerce, 4.0 Grade Point Average - BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY Energy trading risk management Endur Energy Trading Risk Management (ETRM) Futures Options Swaps Commodity Derivatives Carbon CO2 Emissions trading EUA-CER Financia Green's Certificates EUA-CER Physical deals Metals Trading module Accounting module Settlements Risk module Operations manager Setting up Endur Instrument types COMM-PHYS COMM-SWAP COMM-EXCH COMM-FEE PWR-FEE CASH FX PWR-PHYS PWR-SWAP-FTR PSWR-TR-SPREAD ENGY-B-SWAP ENGY-SWAP PWR-SWAP COMM-TRANS PWR-CAP EO-CALL/PUT PO-CALL/PUT-FIN-S PO-GEN-CALL-D ENGY-EXCH-FUT ENGY-EXCH-OPT COMM-STOR COMM-EXCH Gas Storage Exchanges Openlink Endur testing with Quality Test Center (Mercury Test Director) Endur End-of-day calculations MTM Reconciliation of PnL between FO, MO and Back Office Endur SQL and reports Emissions Power Gas Endur FX issues Endur accounting issues Endur accounting treatment of fees and costs Endur deals and trading books Endur cross commodity and cross-border trading Endur implementation Endur upgrade to newer versions Endur deal templates Endur pricing & valuation Endur volumetic exposure Endur simulations Endur integration with gMotion, cMotion, Nucleus, SAP, Allegro, Triple Point, Entegrate Structured transactions Business Analysis Requirements gatherings Business Process Modeling Requirements Specifications Trade order management system work flow Full trade lifecycle knowledge, particularly client-facing with Front Office, Middle Office and Operations, and Back Office accounting. Strong record of project delivery. Extensive experience of writing detailed business requirements. Ability to bridge the gap between the business teams and IT, Development teams. Excellent problem solving, communication and writing skills. Experience of managing and coordinating multi-work streams, multi-team projects. Trade capture and risk management system (Openlink Endur) as the system of record for Natural Gas financial and physical trading. The physical gas trading consisted of transport and storage deals. gMotion utilized for maintaining Natural Gas deals. Created custom "end of day" calculations inthe simulation framework, and modified canned calculations in Endur for M-T-M, Cash Month, P&L granularity required by trading and risk control analysts. Created custom instrument types in Endur in the user-defined interface which allows for separation of similar deal types. This allowed for an ENGY-SWAP to be traded execution venue agnostic, OTC or through ICE. Experience with Forecasting, Scheduling, Nominations, Bookouts, Actualization, Volumetric Exposure, EaR, VaR. Extensive data mapping and configuration for exchanges and exchange platofrms ICE, LCH, NYMEX, CME, EEX, ENDEX, NORDPOOL, NYMEX Clearport OTC, SGX ASIA CLEAR, ECX, Trayport, WEBICE for crude oil, petroleum products, carbon emissions, FFA freight, UK electricity, coal, tolling agreements, gas storage, forward spot (day-ahead and hour ahead) capacity and ancillary services. Brent and West Texas Intermediate Crude, natural gas, Heating Oil, gasoline propane, Nordic power, ERCOT, ISO's and PJM. Understanding of the Physical Operations of Oil companies products, and inventory tracking. Very analytical and creative in solving data problems (i.e., data mappings techniques, standardizations, cross referencing approaches, etc.). Very strong interpersonal skills and ability to interact and with business users. International experience and Emerging markets Sao Paulo, Brazil Brussels London Zurich Amsterdam Frankfurt United States Marine Corps Navy Achievement Medal Case Study -- Shell Trading, Openlink Endur v5 to v8 Upgrade and Conversion Project Issue: Current implementation of Endur no longer supporting business volume and complexity. Growing support costs to handle systems outages and user change requests. Excessive timescale and cost for suggested remediation programme. Approach: Detailed gap analysis undertaken to determine where Shell's current Endur and Nucleus5.3 failed to meet the growing needs of Shell for trading Crude Oil, Middle Distillates, LPG, Gas and Power and Equity Crude on both "spot" and "term" bases (Endur was three versions behind current version). Recommended upgrade to allow Shell to take advantage of newer technologies & functionality available in Endur 8.x. Recommended Shell migrate Endur database platform from Sybase 12.5 to Oracle 10g (the Shell standard database platform). Developed project "roadmap" for most efficient method to upgrade and convert the Endur database & application., including a curve restructure requested by Risk Control requested curve restructure, and leveraging the new functionality of v8.x, with the least amount of project risks. Result: Reduced 2-year upgrade and support budget from 6.4 million dollars to under 4.6 million, and provided a roadmap for quicker delivery of the expected benefits to the business. Case Study -- BP, APR Project (Automated Positions Reporting) Issue: Business lacked transparency over consolidated postions, entailing significant manual effort and restricting ability to apply adequate analyses and risk controls. Approach: Business analysis undertaken with BP trade control analysts and traders to consolidate data repository for real-time and ad-hoc reporting of BPs crude oil and products Futures & Options, hedges, swaps positions and Volumetric Exposure on the New York Mercantile Exchange up to regulatory bodies (NYMEX trade regulators and FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) regulators. Reconciling positions in BP IST Trade Control for APR (Automated Positions Reporting) for market and supply crude (WTI, Brent, others), heating oil (HO) and unleaded gasoline (UNL). Data, futures, options positions, EFP and aggregated Swap deals data from BP internal positions-keeping system MOFT. Built interfaces to consolidate view of BP's US Crude Supply Exposure Model and US Product Supply exposure Model, Cantera, Camera (Houston), aggregate exposure Excel sheets from Calgary and Crude Excel sheets from La Palma. Business Objects, MOBO, MOFT (Middle Office Fast Track - position and pricing aggregator for Wet Deals). Result: Automated Positions Reporting portal greatly reduced 'time to reporting" and gave BP traders better transparency and visibility into positions and market factors, supply and volumetric exposure, thereby mitigating risk and maximizing revenue potential for BP trading desks globally. - EDUCATION and CERTIFICATES B.A., Communications Studies (Incl) University of Detroit-Mercy, Detroit, MI Computer Science Certificate Program, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL De Paul University College of Commerce -- Certificate, Financial Markets & Trading, Futures and Options Program, 1995 Series 3, (Commodities Brokers Futures Exam) National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), 1995 Six Sigma Green Belt, 2005 Charles River Development, Charles River Investment Management System compliance certification, Burlington, MA 2005 Project Management Institute (PMI), Dayton, OH chapter, 2005 - EDUCATION AND AWARDS De Paul University, Chicago, IL, 1993 - 1995 Certificate in Financial Markets and Trading in Finance - College of Commerce, 4.0 Grade Point Average

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    February 15

    Embedded Derivatives in Structured Transaction Energy Contracts

    Structured Transaction White Paper

    Embedded Derivatives in Structured Transaction Energy Contracts

    Phillip Green, Senior Business Analyst, Consultant

    Derivatives Trading Desk© ®

    STRUCTURED TRANSACTION ENERGY TRADING CONTRACT

    Assessment of Structured Transaction for energy trading contracts. This analysis sets out to answer the following questions regarding a structured energy trading contract between an energy trading firm, the originator, and an operating company. The fictional company, let’s call it Aramaco, has concerns that the transaction may require FAS 133 accounting treatment. The analysis will briefly discuss the economic projection forecast and to determine if there is an embedded derivative or hybrid derivative inherent in the host contract:

    Is the forecast reliable?

    Is there a notional on the contract?

    Is there an embedded derivative in the host contract?

    Economic projection forecast background

    The forecast is based upon geological formations and gas and oil history of the area. Technology has been developed and is widely used to both quantify the amount of gas within the shales, and also the permeability of the shale. Companies like Schlumberger and Halliburton are pioneers in this field. Aramaco provides the forecasts to prospective lease purchasers and use them as valuation of lease agreement terms.

    The forecast is a tool utilized by prospective gas well lease purchasers to assess potential extraction capacities and inherent revenue from oil and natural gas extractions. These lease purchase are normally one to ten years in tenor. Purchasers are either bullish or bearish on their view of whether the wells or new drillings will actually deliver the extraction projections. They are willing to pay a premium for land leases with projected positive returns or history of successful transactions (piggy-backing); and seek to attain discounts with lease purchases deemed “wildcatting”, (an oil or natural-gas well drilled speculatively in an area not known to be productive).

    Economic projection gas prices are based upon NYMEX strip prices (average of the daily settlement price of the next 12 months futures contracts) and constant cost parameters.

    1. Is the forecast reliable?

    The economic projection forecasts are mainly used in the industry for the valuation of selling properties, i.e., land leases in reservoirs, oil and natural gas fields.

    Yes. Economic project forecasts are reliable. In reviewing the forecast document, the decline curve on the gross oil production is as expected. The decline falls off at an expected rate as the years go out, over fifty percent over the two-year period, from 350, 352 MMcf in year 2007 to 159,868 MMcf in year 2009; and levels out over the next 15 years, conforming to characteristics of the Barnett Shale Reservoir in Texas. The decline curves are extremely reasonable and credible, the production forecast falling off aggressively, showing a steadily declining production forecast.

    Energy giants such as Reliant, a Houston-based supplier of wholesale and retail natural gas and electricity, have been using oil and gas production forecasts for years.

    Yes. Economic projection forecasts are reliable. The forecasts are done by consulting firms and geological surveyors utilizing highly sophisticated and advanced technologies. The forecasts are mostly accurate widely used in projections of gas production in oil and natural gas wells. In Aramaco’s case, the reservoirs are Hidle-Deaver, in Johnson, Texas, the Williamson Lease of the Tres Vistas Prospect in Fort Worth and the Williamson lease in Parker, Texas, with Aramaco as the operating company, and having a working interest in, or having the right to sell.

     

    2. Can we derive a notional amount?

     

    Energy trading company buys natural gas from Aramaco at 98% of cost and sells it at 100% in the market.

    Therefore, the notional = gross gas production purchased for re-sell minus margin.

    We can arrive at a notional calculation using the following attributes:

    Underlier – Natural gas

    Notional amount, n (gross gas production purchased from Aramaco and delivered for re-sell = purchase price - margin)

    Delivery price, k (98 – 2%)

    Settlement date, s – when natural gas is delivered, sold in market

     

     

    Is there an embedded derivative in the host contract?

    A purchase and sale contract with executory treatment may contain embedded derivatives.

    Embedded Derivative assessment

    Identifying and quantifying embedded derivatives is very complex. According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and statement 133, the following attributes, inherent in the Aramaco transaction, may qualify as an embedded derivative to be separated from the host contract and or meet the definition of a derivative:

    There is no cost of carry. All imbalances fall on the Aramaco/Energy Transfer gathering agreement, the host contract. Criteria met for definition of a derivative.

    The Aramaco transaction is a purchase and sale contract with executory treatment. Assess for embedded derivatives.

    The contract is predominantly based on sales or service revenues of one of the parties. Assess for embedded derivatives.

    The embedded derivative causes modification to a contract’s cash flow, based on changes in a specified variable. Assess for embedded derivatives.

    There is a commodity-linked “tariff structure”. Assess for embedded derivative.

    The contract allows us to recoup all fees associated in marketing the Aramaco gas. Criteria met for derivative definition.

    The pricing formula is an embedded derivative because it changes the price risk from the gas price notional (gas gross x gas price minus margin) to the strip price, or spot price (see notes).

    The underlying is a variable, price or rate that is related to an asset or liability, commodity price (price of natural gas, in this case)

    Net settlement provision – there is an explicit or implicit net cash settlement provision in the purchase or sale contract.

    No initial investment. No (or small) investment at inception. No initial net investment or a smaller investment than required to own the underlying. Criteria met for derivative definition. Contract agreement is riskless for Energy trading company.

    The notional amount and underlying determine settlement amount.

    The contract has a pricing formula other than the market price of the natural gas itself.

     

     

    Notes:

    Embedded derivative must be separated from the host contract, recorded at “fair value” and accounted for separately in the balance sheet (bifurcation)

    Natural gas spot prices – pegged on Henry Hub, Louisiana (NYMEX Natural Gas Futures Near-Month Contract Settlement Price)

    Henry Hub spot prices are reported in dollars per million Btu.

    New York City Gate Spot

    Natural Gas ($/MMbtu)

    Natural Gas spot price – represents natural gas sales contracted for next day delivery and title transfer at the Henry Hub Gas Processing plant.

    © 2009 by Phillip Green,

    Senior Business Analyst, Consultant

    Derivatives and FAS 133 Hedge Effectiveness Testing

    Energy Trading Risk Management

    Derivatives Trading Desk© ®

     

     

     

     


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    September 20

    Dealers set value for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Debt

    FNMA CDS

    Dealers earlier this week set values for bonds of Washington-based Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac of McLean, Virginia. Sellers who signed up for the auction will pay 8.5 cents on the dollar at most because the government is backing the debt of the two largest mortgage-finance companies.

    Collateralized debt obligations that sold Credit Default Swaps protection may lose money as defaults erode their ability to withstand losses.

    Lehman debt and CDO's 

    The CDOs pool the swaps and then sell off pieces with varying risk.

    Standard & Poor's has rankings on 1,889 CDOs that sold credit-default swap protection on Lehman, the New York-based ratings firm said last month. Pieces of 1,526 CDOs sold protection on Washington Mutual, S&P said. More than 1,200 made bets on both Fannie and Freddie.

    October 15, 2008

    c. Phil Green

     

    March 27

    Credit Default Swaps and Mortgage-Backed Securities

     
    CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP - Mortgage-Backed Security with Reference entity Fannie Mae  
    FNMA      
           
    Date: 12 August, 2008    
    Name: Fannie Mae    
    Maturity: Five (5) Years    
    Bid: 270 bp    
    Offer: 300 bp    
    CDS Spread: $300,000    
    Start Date of CDS: T+3 (Start of protection)    
    Notional (USD):  $5,000,000 $5,000,000*$300,000/300 = 5000000 Face Amount of Reference Bonds * Initial Price/USD Basis Points
    Frequency: Quarterly    
    Day count convention: Actual/360    
    Reference Entity: Fannie Mae    
    Reference Asset: FNMA MBS 30-year $5,000,000  
    Buyer of Protection: JP Morgan, Asset Management    
      Phillip Green, Portfolio Mgr.    
           
    Seller of Protection: Goldman Sachs    
           
           
    Payment Schedule: 12-Nov-08 $75,000  
      12-Feb-09 $75,000  
      12-May-09 $75,000  
      12-Aug-09 $75,000  
    Bloomberg TBA      
    Bloomberg CUSIP      
           
           
    Buyer of protection pays $300k per annum.  Receives $5mm in event of default  
    The 30-Year MBS for FNMA is trading at 300bp
    P. Green, March 2008
     
    CDS play...with potential Fed and Bank of England purchase of mortgage-backed securities, make a play in CDS 30 year FNMA MBS for August 2008.
     
    Phil Green, March 2008
     
    Next articles.... will look at Crack Spread heating oil/natural gas play on NYMEX.
    Crush spread soybeans/oil...I like Bunge Capital and their footprint in Brazil.
    Petrobras...look at Openlink Endur play in Commodity XL for weather derivatives...I'd like to see some volumetric exposure and volatility in those grids out of ERCOT .
    WTI sweet and sour out of Midland, TX for delivery in NY Harbor.
     
    Regards,
     
    -Phil Green, March 27, 2008
    March 15

    Blame it on Derivatives? - Updated March 2008

     

    Blame it on Rio (Risk Ignorant Outlook) -Blame it on derivatives

     

    What ever happened to risk exposure controls?

    Updated March 2008 by Phil Green

     

    Bear Stearns

          Mortgage-backed Securities

    Carlyle Capital

          Mortgage-backed Securities

    Societe Generale

          Unhedged arbitrage trading on European equity indices

    Amaranth Advisors

    Natural gas futures trading losses

    The increased usage of derivatives is not the sole reason for the recent spate of debt write-downs by the likes of Merrill Lynch, Citibank, Countrywide, etc.

    Invariably, the unmitigated quest for profit, i.e., greed, combined with a myopic short-term investment focus, mixed in with whirling devirish volatility and the lack of ability to redistribute risk despite the incomprehensible array of hybrid derivatives products, were the "perfect storm" for calamity.

    Derivatives have become a bewildering, complex, sometimes nonsensical financial instruments, whose intrinsic value is only on paper, vacuous, as the underlying cash or security has been so sliced and diced and tranched and mezzanined and senior this and equity that to the point that the best, most brilliant minds and quants at MIT, Stanford, Baruch College and the leading IB's on Wall Street could not price or value them with any certainty.

     

    With an alphabet soup menagerie of acronyms such as CDO’s, CMO’s, CLO’s,

    TRS’,s MBS,  CLN’s and hundreds of others, one could invent a new Scrabble board game.


    Merton-Scholes would surely be first in line for another Nobel Prize in Economics if they could adequately value and model the current litany of hybrid derivatives and securitized financial instruments out there today.

    The "Chinese Wall", or should I be more politically correct and say, the "firewalls" that once existed to separate banks, brokers and insurance and assurance entities before the Glass-Steagall Act was effectively repealed in the late 90's, has made for some very questionable bedfellows, passing around mortgage-backed securities like appetizers to each other and leaving the crumbs of the feast to be cleaned up by the wait staff.

    Think Fannie Mae.


    Not only how they failed in their accounting for derivatives "off-balance sheet" by not marking-to-market, but the tawdry business of "making markets" in mortgage-backed securities, in effect selling the products and buying them back in unrecognizable, grotesque form, and stating them in the journal entries at original value, P&L reflecting inordinate profits.

    If only I could do that with my own bank account.

    I wouldn't have time to write this article, for I would be in a villa somewhere on a tropical isle.

    February 10

    Petrobras natural gas energy trade in Openlink Endur

    Derivatives and Swaps - Risk, Valuation and Hedging - Energy Trading transaction in Openlink Endur for Natural gas, crude oil, crack spread, LNG, volumetric exposure, open interest delivery in NY Harbor on NYMEX priced by Platt's
           
    Brazilian oil giant Petrobras is rated as "over-valued" by analysts.  Portfolio manager takes a LONG position and Goldman takes a SHORT position at price of 593 bp - UPDATE as at Monday, February 11, 2008 Long-term outlook bullish - Example of potential credit default event with ratings downgrade***
    Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Petrobras (PBR : NYSE)
    Industry: Oil and Gas, Manufacturing
    Date: 13 November, 2007    
    Name: Petroleo Brasileiro - Petrobras    
    Maturity: Five (5) Years    
    Bid: 572 bp    
    Offer: 593 bp    
    CDS Spread Quotation:  $                                    59,300.00   Premium paid by protection buyer to protection seller
           
    Start Date of CDS: T+3 (Start of protection)    
           
    Notional (USD):   $                                1,000,000.00   Face Amount of Reference Bonds * Initial Price/USD Basis Points
    Frequency: Quarterly    
    Day count convention: Actual/360    
    Reference Entity: Petrobras    
    Reference Asset: Petrobras bonds  $  1,000,000.00 Brazilian NTN-B Inflation Indexed Notes, ISIN: BRSTNCNB0A6
           
    Reference Issuer: National Treasury of the Rep.of Brazil    
    Buyer of Protection: JP Morgan Asset Management,    
      Phillip Green, Portfolio Mgr.    
           
    Seller of Protection: Goldman Sachs    
           
           
    Payment Schedule: 12-Nov-07  $      14,825.00  
      12-Feb-08  $      14,825.00  
      12-May-08  $      14,825.00  
      12-Aug-08  $      14,825.00  
         $      59,300.00  
    Buyer of protection pays $59,300 per annum.  Receives $1mm in event of default  
    The Five-Year CDS for Petrobras stock ticker (PBR) is trading at 593bp  
    c.  2008 Phillip Green      
    Exchange Ticker    
    Bovespa Petrobras    
    NYSE PBR    
           
    SAO PAULO, Jan 8 (Reuters) - Brazilian state-controlled oil giant Petrobras (PETR4.SA: Quote, Profile, Research)(PBR.N: Quote, Profile, Research) sold $750 million of 2018 bonds, tapping the international capital markets on growing investor demand for emerging market debt.
           
    ***The bonds, sold through the company's Petrobras International Finance Co. unit, were priced to yield 5.86 percent, a source with direct knowledge of the transaction said on Tuesday. The bonds were rated BBB-, the lowest investment grade, by Standard & Poor's.
           
    Petrobras originally sold the 2018 bond in November, when it raised $1 billion at a yield of 6.06 percent.
           
    Brazilian Real vs. USD as at Friday, February 8, 2008:  0.5644
           
    Brazilian Real vs. USD as at Friday, January 11, 2006:  0.5930
     
     
     
    February 01

    The Alphabet Soup of Credit Derivatives and securities

     

    The Alphabet Soup of Credit Derivatives and securities

     CDO’s, CMO’s, MBS, CDS’s

    Creating a Frankenstein’s Monster that became the Ogre of the Subprime mess

     

    Collateralized Mortgage Obligations are a type of mortgage-backed security that creates separate pools of pass-through rates for different classes of bondholders with varying maturities, called tranches. Each tranche is then sold as a separate security.

    The repayments from the pool of pass-through securities are used to retire the bonds in the order specified by the bonds' prospectus. 

     

    As with collateralized debt obligations, a standard feature is "credit tranching."

     

    Credit tranching refers to creating multiple classes (or "tranches") of securities, each of which has a different seniority relative to the others.

     

    For example, a CDO might issue four classes of securities designated as (1) senior debt,

    (2) mezzanine debt, (3) subordinate debt, and (4) equity. Each class protects the ones senior to it from losses on the underlying portfolio. The sponsor of a CDO usually sets the size of the senior class so that it can attain triple-A ratings. Likewise, the sponsor generally designs the other classes so that they achieve successively lower ratings. In a way, the rating agencies are really the ones who determine the sizes of the classes for a given portfolio.

           

    Collateralized Debt Obligations are non-mortgage assets.

     

    Senior CDO notes are paid before mezzanine and lower-subordinated notes are paid, with any residual cash flow paid to an equity piece.     

     

    The uncertainty regarding interest and principal payments to the CDO tranches is determined mainly by the number and timing of defaults of the collateral securities.

     

    Market value CDO’s are CDO tranches receiving payments based on the mark-to-market returns of the collateral pool, hence trading performance.

     

    Mortgage-Backed Securities have tranches associated with them, also, and are often sliced and diced and become far removed from the actual underlying bond or loan, the original reference instrument.

     

    As defined by Investopedia, a tranche is a piece, portion or slice of a deal or structured financing. This portion is one of several related securities that are offered at the same time but have different risks, rewards and/or maturities. "Tranche" is the French word for "slice".

     

    Then there are the Credit Default Swaps, but again, instead of bonds or loans underlying the asset or portfolio, CDS’s are re-packaged to include the risk “synthetically”.

    The underlying risk on which credit default protection is obtained may comprise tens to hundreds of individual reference entities such as Delphi, GMAC, Toyota Motor Corp, Lehman Brothers, etc.  All these ingredients add up to a mad soup of crazy derivatives.

     

    c. 2008 Phil Green

     
    January 23

    Total Return Swap with Brazilian bond

     
    Total Return Swap Transaction - Brazilian Bond as underlying
    Trade - Leveraged (Unfunded) Total Return Swaps
    Counterparty - BlackRock Asset Management
    USD Notional  USD $30,114,677.53
    BRL Notional  BRL 64,294,836.52  (grossed up for .38% CPMF charge - Brazilian bank debit tax)
    Trade Date  24 January 2008
    Effective Date  23 January 2008
    Termination Date  17 December 2012
    Reference Bond  45,070 units of Brazilian NTN-B Inflation Indexed Notes maturing 15 December 2009, ISIN:  BRSTNCNTBOM1, Initial FX 2.135 (convertible to Brazilian equity Petrobras (NYSE: PBR)
    Initial Price  1,426.555059
    Credit Provisions  Client posts 5% Independent Amount and pays Financing Coupon of 3 Months LIBOR + 25 bps (Payable quarterly on 17th of September, December, March and June commencing September 17, 2008)
     
    Cashflows notes:
    1.  Initial Exchange - None
    2.  Interim Payments - Bank pays Reference Bond Distribution Amounts (BRL -denominated), deducted by perevailing CPMF costs converted into USD at the USDBRL spot rate on the Fixing Date (which is underlying NTNB coupon payment dates).
    3.  Termination Date  Bank delivers Face Amount of the Reference Bonds OR pays a USD amount equal to the Face Amount of the Reference Bonds multiplied by the Final Price, converted into USD at USD/BRL spot rate less CPMF (Brazilian Bank Debit Tax).
    c. 2008 Phil Green
     
     
    January 15

    Emerging market hedge fund - enter a play with Petrobras

     
    Petrobras Credit Default Swap
     
    Next entry will show a spreadsheet with bootstrap data following Petrobras, Telebras, Eletrobras for Brazilian emerging market equities and Telmex for a Mexico emerging market equity. 
     
    I will build a portfolio with these equities and track them as the underlying reference obligations and see how they perform as we build a Long/Short strategy hedge fund (simulated portfolio).
     
    **This link shows the performance of Petrobras (NYSE - PBR) from 2002 - 2008.  I have not analyze the downturn you can clearly see in the chart, but I believe it was the Brazilian Central Bank de-vauling the Real (Brazilian currency):
     
     
    December 08

    Derivatives to blame for write-downs at Merrill and Citi?

     

    Blame it on Rio (Risk Ignorant Outlook), blame it on derivatives

    The increased usage of derivatives is not the sole reason for the recent spate of debt write-downs by the likes of Merrill Lynch, Citibank, Countrywide, etc.

    Invariably, the unmitigated quest for profit, i.e., greed, combined with a myopic short-term investment focus, mixed in with whirling devirish volatility and the lack of ability to redistribute risk despite the incomprehensible array of hybrid derivatives products, were the "perfect storm" for calamity.

    Derivatives have become a bewildering, complex, sometimes nonsensical financial instruments, whose intrinsic value is only on paper, vacuous, as the underlying cash or security has been so sliced and diced and tranched and mezzanined and senior this and equity that to the point that the best, most brilliant minds and quants at MIT, Stanford, Baruch College and the leading IB's on Wall Street could not price or value them with any certainty.

     

    With an alphabet soup menagerie of acronyms such as CDO’s, CMO’s, CLO’s,

    TRS’,s MBS,  CLN’s and hundreds of others, one could invent a new Scrabble board game.


    Merton-Scholes would surely be first in line for another Nobel Prize in Economics if they could adequately value and model the current litany of hybrid derivatives and securitized financial instruments out there today.

    The "Chinese Wall", or should I be more politically correct and say, the "firewalls" that once existed to separate banks, brokers and insurance and assurance entities before the Glass-Steagall Act was effectively repealed in the late 90's, has made for some very questionable bedfellows, passing around mortgage-backed securities like appetizers to each other and leaving the crumbs of the feast to be cleaned up by the wait staff.

    Think Fannie Mae.


    Not only how they failed in their accounting for derivatives "off-balance sheet" by not marking-to-market, but the tawdry business of "making markets" in mortgage-backed securities, in effect selling the products and buying them back in unrecognizable, grotesque form, and stating them in the journal entries at original value, P&L reflecting inordinate profits.

    If only I could do that with my own bank account.

    I wouldn't have time to write this article, for I would be in a villa somewhere on a tropical isle.

     

    c. 2007 Phil Green

    November 12

    Derivatives and the credit collapse at Merrill Lynch

     

    The recent debacles at Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, Countrywide and others attributed to the use of credit derivatives and over-leverage in mortgage-backed securities bring up a startling question:  with all of the billions in notional amounts of money at stake, and with all of the brilliant quants employed at these places, how could this happen?

     

    Visualize with me for a moment as I diagram on a white-board, reading from left to right, okay?....our asset classes are credit default swaps and interest rate swaps.

    Upstream systems, are, of course Bloomberg, our trade order and portfolio management system, say a Charles River or Latent Zero, flowing to our downstream accounting system, Omgeo Oasys or Advent Geneva.  Simple workflow, right?

     

    A credit data specialist or a senior busines analyst, the resident subject matter expert for default swaps collecting, documenting and normalizing data requirements from various lines of business, including Fixed Income team, derivatives team, front office business representatives, the downstream users of that swaps data, including operational risk, data and financial modelling groups, market risk, credit risk, tax, legal and the treasury and financial reporting teams. 

     

    Somewhere, in what should be a cohesive, efficient workflow you can lose a few billion dollars?  Incredible!

     

    c. 2007 Phil Green

    October 29

    Credit Default Swap - Petrobras November 2007

     
    Derivatives and Swaps - Risk, Valuation and Hedging
    CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP EXAMPLE - Non-U.S. Equity
    Brazilian oil giant Petrobras is rated as "over-valued" by analysts.  Portfolio manager takes a LONG position and Goldman takes a SHORT position at price of 593 bp
           
    Date: 12 November, 2007  
    Name: Petroleo Brasileiro - Petrobras  
    Maturity: Five (5) Years  
    Bid: 572 bp  
    Offer: 593 bp  
    CDS Spread Quotation:  $                                    59,300.00 Premium paid by protection buyer to protection seller
       
    Start Date of CDS: T+3 (Start of protection)  
       
    Notional (USD):   $                                1,000,000.00 Face Amount of Reference Bonds * Initial Price/USD Basis Points
    Frequency: Quarterly  
    Day count convention: Actual/360  
    Reference Entity: Petrobras  
    Reference Asset: Petrobras bonds  $  1,000,000.00 Brazilian NTN-B Inflation Indexed Notes, ISIN: BRSTNCNB0A6
       
    Reference Issuer: National Treasury of the Rep.of Brazil  
    Buyer of Protection: JP Morgan Asset Management,  
      Phillip Green, Portfolio Mgr.  
       
    Seller of Protection: Goldman Sachs  
       
       
    Payment Schedule: 12-Nov-07  $      14,825.00  
      12-Feb-08  $      14,825.00  
      12-May-08  $      14,825.00  
      12-Aug-08  $      14,825.00  
       $      59,300.00  
    Buyer of protection pays $59,300 per annum.  Receives $1mm in event of default  
    The Five-Year CDS for Petrobras stock ticker (PBR) is trading at 593bp  
    c.  2007 Phillip Green
    October 03

    Banks leaving huge notional amounts of cash "on the floor"

    Credit Derivatives - Banks leaving huge notional amounts of cash "on the floor"
     
    Imagine a typical scenatio:  Swaps transaction from on e of the major players comes into the processing area of a major custodian bank. It is easy enough to confirm that swap with the counterparty and input the swap into the custodian bank's system.  Simple and easy, right?  Not so fast. 
     
    Say perhaps in this scenario, our swap is a credit derivative, more precisely, a Credit Default Swap.  PIMCO or BlackRock sends the swap over, standard ISDA format, but on a fax orspreadsheet. Custodian bank inputs swap.  How does the bank's downstream systems know when a credit default event, usually a bankruptcy or some other breach of the swap guarantee, occurs?  What about a change in interest rates, or LIBOR?  A price change or sell-off to another counterparty or reset or "reval" revaluation date?
     
    Banks are turning to trading systems "add-ons" that try to address these gaps.  DTCC has a product, DerivServ, and there is also SwapsWire and banks moving to protocols such as FpML.
     
    STP (straight-through processing) is bandies about and is everyones optimal way to do banking and trading business, but we are still fare from the day where a system, Charles River or Calypso, can be truly integrated with Bloomberg for Security master data and reference data,  Reuters for volatility views, FT Interactive Data or SuperDerivatives for pricing, and a back office accounting and portfolio accounting platform such as Advent Geneva.
     
    So, again, for Credit Derivatives , banks, hedge funds, asset management and portfolio management firms are leaving huge notional amounts of cash "on the floor"
    September 06

    The Emperor has no clothes - Derivatives and the housing market bust

     
    Don't blame Wall Street!
     
    The housing market has been built on a literal "house of cards" for some time now, with everyone looking the other way, pretending not to notice that the emperor has no clothes.
     
    This "sand castle" sat quietly along the beachfront, precariously teetering on the angst of knowing that the inevitable tide coming in would erode the flimsly foundation that was never grounded in an underlying concrete:  real value, not just money on paper.
     
    Oh, everyone profited. Times were good. Mortgages were bandied about, cigars lit upon closed deals, people smiles as subprime loans and non-existent assets financed dream homes.  To be sure, Wall Street got fat, and inventive.  Not limiting itself to mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or collateralized-mortgage obligations (CMO's) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO's); Wall Street ingenuity went beyond slices and tranches (Senior, equity and mezzanine), to even more exotic and structured transactions. Derivatives...but with what as underlying?
     
    Did anyone really know?  Did anyone really care?
     
    Literally borrowed money with borrowed money as collateral upon borrowed money, and that "paper money" going to finance even more structured mortgages and issuing of debt until the quagmire and quicksand implodes unto itself from the sheer exhaustion of following the paper trail.
     
    The emperor had no clothes for a long time and the tailors were all too busy making imaginary, elaborate robes for the emperor to notice.
     
    c. Phil Green, September 2007
    May 04

    Wall Street and hedge funds clash!

     
    Uopdate Monday May 7, 2007
    c. Phil Green
    May 02

    Energy trading firms and derivatives

     
     
     

    Proprietary Trading represents derivative activity transacted with the intent of taking a view, capturing market price changes, or putting capital at risk. This activity is speculative in nature as opposed to hedging an existing exposure.

    Structured Contracts represents derivative activity transacted with the intent to capture profits by riginating substantially hedged positions with wholesale energy marketers,utilities, retail aggregators and alternative energy suppliers.  Although transactions are generally executed with a buyer and seller simultaneously, some positions remain open until a suitable offsetting transaction can be executed.

    Economic Hedges represents derivative activity associated with assets owned and contracted by energy trading entity, including forward sales of gas roduction and trades associated with owned transportation and storage capacity.  Changes in te vale of derivatives in this category economally ofse cahngs in the value of underlying non-derivative positions, which do not qualify for fair value accounting.  The difference in accounting treatment of derivatives in this category and the underlying non-derivative positions can result in significant earnings volatility.

    -Phil Green, c. 2007

     

     

     

     

    Financial instruments usage matrix - analysis of asset management firms, hedge funds and dealing rooms

      Financial instruments usage matrix  
    Asset management, Investment Management, Hedge Funds, Capital firms
    Products Instrument Usage 
    Money Market Cash Deposits/Loan L
    Commercial Paper H
    Treasury Bills L
    Certificates of Deposit L
    Repurchase Agreements H
       
    Foreign Exchange Cash FX Spot M
    FX Forwards H
    FX Swaps H
         
    FX Derivatives Futures R
    Listed Options H
    OTC options (Vanilla and Exotic) H
         
    Fixed Income Cash Bonds H
    Convertible bonds M
    Asset-backed Securities L
    Mortgage-backed Secrities M
         
    Interest Rate Derivatives Forward Rate Agreements H
    Interest Rate Swaps H
    Caps/Floors H
    OTC options (Vanilla & Exotic) H
    Futures/Listed options H
         
    Credit Derivatives Total Return Swaps L
    Credit Default Swaps H
    Credit Linked Notes H
    Credit Default Swaption H
    Collateralized Debt Obligation L
    Credit Enhancements L
    Baskets/Credit-Linked Structures H
    H = High  M = Moderate L = Limited   R = Risk
    c. 2007 Phil Green
    March 26

    Risk matrix of high-risk financial instruments

    Risk Matrix - Derivatives, Fixed Income, Money Market Instruments
    Readers comments and suggestions welcomed              
      Lowest Lower Low Risky Riskier High Risk Highest Risk  
    Instrument Useage Strategy Motive Arbitrage Market making Profit Opportunistic  
    Equity commodities Hedging Dealing Positioning Arbitrage Scalping Market making Speculative Highest Risk
    Foreign Currency Swaps Hedging Dealing Swap Market making Market making Speculative   Highest Risk
    Interest Rate Swaps Hedging Dealing Swap Market making Speculative     Highest Risk
    Credit Default swaps Hedging Dealing Swap Speculative       Highest Risk
    OTC derivatives Hedging Dealing Matching Positioning       Highest Risk
    Exchange Traded derivatives Hedging Market Making Speculative Market making       High Risk
    Futures Hedging Positioning Speculative Market making Scalping Charting Trend -chasing High Risk
    Options Hedging Positioning Speculative Market Making Scalping Charting Trend -chasing High Risk
    Commodities Hedging Positioning Speculative Market making Scalping Charting Trend -chasing High Risk
    Crude, energy, natrural gas futures Hedging Positioning Swap Arbitrage Market making Speculative Risk of loss Risky
    Exploration Hedging Speculative           Risky
    Venture Capital Speculative Speculative           Risky
    Equity Partnerships Growth Growth           Risky
    Investment Real Estate Growth Growth           Low
    Growth Stocks and Mutual Funds Growth Growth           Low
    Phillip Green c. 2007